OPEX Ratios (S&M / R&D / G&A as % of Revenue)

Definition

Each operating-expense family as a share of revenue — the structural fingerprint of the P&L.

Formula

Ratio = Family spend / Revenue

Worked Example

Revenue $88,000:

S&M  $18,000  -> 20.5%
R&D  $42,000  -> 47.7%
G&A  $14,000  -> 15.9%

(Mature SaaS reference: S&M 30-50% while growing, R&D 15-25%, G&A 10-15%)

Interpretation & Pitfalls

Track the trend more than the level: G&A% should fall with scale; if it rises, bureaucracy is outgrowing the business.

In TupicFinance

Cost categories map to expense families, producing the ratio panel per period.